15^th International Conference on Gynecology November 15-16, 2023 Edinburgh, Scotland

This field primarily focuses on improving the aesthetics of the female genitalia. The procedures are usually elective and performed to change the appearance or to enhance sexual function. Examples include labiaplasty (reshaping the labia), clitoral hood reduction, hymenoplasty (reconstruction of the hymen), and vaginal rejuvenation procedures, such as vaginoplasty or laser vaginal rejuvenation. While these procedures can boost self-esteem and comfort, they also carry risks and potential complications that should be thoroughly discussed with a healthcare provider.

Reconstructive Gynecology aspect of gynecology is concerned with restoring the normal function and structure of the female reproductive system. These procedures are often necessary due to congenital anomalies, damage from childbirth, disease, or trauma. For instance, procedures can include pelvic organ prolapse repair, reconstruction after female genital mutilation/cutting, and repairing obstetric fistulas. The ultimate goal of these procedures is to improve quality of life by relieving discomfort, improving urinary and bowel function, and restoring sexual function.

Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) refers to a range of medical procedures and techniques used to aid individuals or couples in achieving pregnancy when they are experiencing fertility issues. These technologies are used to manipulate human eggs, sperm, or embryos outside the body to increase the chances of conception.

Endometriosis is a chronic medical condition that occurs when the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus (endometrium) starts growing outside the uterus. These growths, called endometrial patches, lesions, nodules, or implants, can be found on various pelvic and abdominal organs, such as the ovaries, fallopian tubes, tissues holding the uterus (ligaments), pelvic cavity, bladder, and intestines. Rarely, they can even be found in other distant organs.

During the menstrual cycle, the endometrial tissue within the uterus thickens and sheds as part of the natural menstrual process. Similarly, the endometrial patches outside the uterus also respond to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle. However, unlike the tissue in the uterus that leaves the body through menstruation, the displaced endometrial tissue has no way to exit the body, leading to inflammation, irritation, and the formation of scar tissue.

Ethical, legal, and social issues surrounding human sexuality are complex and multifaceted, and they have been the subject of much debate and discussion in various societies and cultures. Sexual ethics and erotic morality are branches of ethics that specifically focus on human sexuality, sexual behavior, and intimate relationships. They deal with the norms, values, and principles that guide individual and societal attitudes and behaviors related to sexual conduct.

Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasitic worm Schistosoma haematobium. It is prevalent in areas where S. haematobium is endemic, such as parts of sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. The primary mode of transmission occurs when individuals come into contact with freshwater contaminated with Schistosoma larvae, typically during activities like swimming, bathing, or washing clothes.

The major manifestation of S. haematobium infection in females is FGS, where the parasite's eggs are deposited in the genital and urinary tract. The presence of these eggs can lead to various symptoms and complications in the female reproductive system. Common symptoms include genital itching, pain during intercourse, vaginal discharge, and blood in urine or stool.

Gynecologic surgeries encompass a wide range of procedures performed on the female reproductive system. These surgeries can be done for various reasons, including congenital conditions, emergencies, infertility, and incontinence. Some gynecological surgeries are carried out for therapeutic purposes to treat medical conditions, while others are elective procedures chosen by the patient. The field of gynecological surgery is rapidly evolving with advancements in endoscopy, imaging, and other interventional techniques.

Gynography refers to a radiographic imaging technique used to examine the female genital organs. In this procedure, air or another gas is injected intraperitoneally (into the abdominal cavity) as a contrasting medium. The gynograph, a device used for gynography, was invented by Abner I. Weisman, a medical specialist. Gynography is commonly employed by gynecologists and radiologists to perform a specific type of radiographic examination called hysterosalpingography.

The benefits of gynography over uterosalpingography include a reduced risk of complications, such as intravasation of the venous sinuses of the uterus, pulmonary emboli, foreign body retention cysts, pelvic peritonitis, rupture of the fallopian tube, and even death. The main side effect observed with gynography is occasional exacerbation of chronic salpingitis, which occurs rarely.

Hydatidiform Mole (HM), also known as molar pregnancy, is an uncommon condition that occurs during pregnancy when there is an abnormal growth inside the uterus. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), which involves abnormal growth of cells that would typically form the placenta during pregnancy.

The development of HM is attributed to an atypical egg (oocyte) fertilization, resulting in an abnormal pregnancy. In this condition, almost no fetal tissue develops, but the placenta continues to grow normally. The placental tissue surrounds a tumor within the uterus, which gives it a characteristic appearance resembling a cluster of grapes on ultrasound.

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive and achieve a successful pregnancy. It can also refer to women who can conceive but have difficulties in maintaining a pregnancy. Infertility affects a significant number of women worldwide, with around 10 percent of women in the United States aged 15-44 experiencing difficulties in getting pregnant or staying pregnant, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Female infertility is often associated with problems related to ovulation. Ovulation is the process where a mature egg is released from the ovary and is available for fertilization. If ovulation does not occur or is irregular, it can lead to difficulty in conceiving. Some signs that a woman is not ovulating regularly include irregular or absent menstrual periods. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that can disrupt ovulation, making it one of the leading causes of female infertility.

The menstrual cycle is a regular, natural process that occurs in the female reproductive system, involving the ovaries and uterus. It is essential for both the production of oocytes (eggs) and the preparation of the uterus for a potential pregnancy. The cycle typically lasts about 28 days, although it can vary from person to person. During the menstrual cycle, there are various hormonal changes that occur, which regulate the different stages of the cycle. These hormonal changes can lead to various physical and emotional symptoms for some women, known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Hormonal contraceptive methods, such as birth control pills, can prevent the natural hormonal changes of the menstrual cycle, thereby preventing pregnancy.

Medicated Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) are a type of long-acting reversible contraceptive that is inserted into a woman's uterus to prevent pregnancy. Also known as intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs or ICDs) or coils, IUDs are small, often T-shaped devices that provide effective birth control for an extended period. 

Pediatric Gynecology, also known as Pediatric Gynaecology, is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological issues in children and adolescents. It deals with the health of a child or adolescent's reproductive organs, including the vagina, vulva, uterus, and ovaries. Pediatric Andrology, on the other hand, addresses medical problems exclusive to the penis and testes in male children.

Reproductive Medicine is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of reproductive problems. The primary goal of reproductive medicine is to improve and maintain the quality of reproductive health for individuals and couples. It encompasses various aspects of reproductive health, including sexual education, family planning, management of reproductive system diseases, birth control, infertility, and sexual dysfunction.

• Sexual Education
• Family Planning
• Reproductive System Diseases
• Infertility
• Sexual Dysfunction

Urogynaecology is a specialized field within Gynecology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of female pelvic floor disorders and urinary incontinence. It is an interdisciplinary subspecialty that involves expertise from both urology and gynecology. Urogynaecologists are also considered subspecialists in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery.

• Urinary Incontinence
• Female Pelvic Floor Disorders
• Urogynecologic and Urologic Surgery
• Management of the Ureter During Pelvic Surgery
• Complications in Endoscopic Surgery
• Urinary Incontinence and Interstitial Cystitis
• Vaginal Agenesis and Vesicovaginal Fistulas

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a medical term used to describe uterine bleeding that deviates from the usual menstrual pattern. It involves bleeding that is either prolonged, excessive, irregular in timing, or occurs outside the regular menstrual cycle. Abnormal uterine bleeding may include periods that are unusually heavy or light, irregular bleeding between periods, or bleeding after sexual activity.

Sexual and Reproductive Health is a significant area of public health and deals with the reproductive processes, functions, and system at all stages of life. It encompasses a range of services and interventions aimed at individuals and communities to improve their sexual and reproductive health and rights.

The application of herbal treatments in fetal development and health represents a fascinating and complex field of study, bridging the knowledge of traditional medicine with contemporary science. While it is a subject of ongoing research, it's important to note that the use of herbal treatments during pregnancy should always be under the supervision of a healthcare provider, as certain herbs can have potentially harmful effects on fetal development.

Immunology in women is a crucial area of study that addresses how the immune system functions, differs, and adapts in females across various stages of life, including puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Women's immunology is also important in understanding autoimmune diseases, as they occur more frequently in women than in men.

Gynecology nursing, also known as OB/GYN nursing (Obstetrics and Gynecology), is a nursing specialty that involves providing care for women during all stages of their reproductive lives. This includes the childbearing years, menopause, and beyond. It's a broad field encompassing different areas of women's health.

Gynecological Oncology is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on cancers of the female reproductive system. This includes ovarian, uterine, vaginal, cervical, and vulvar cancer. A physician who practices in this field is known as a gynecologic oncologist. They are obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYN) who undergo additional years of training specifically focused on the effective treatment of gynecological cancers.

Bariatric surgery is a type of surgery performed on individuals with obesity to help them lose weight. It works by changing the digestive system's anatomy, such as reducing stomach size or rerouting the small intestines. Common types of bariatric surgeries include gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric band.

It's generally recommended that women wait at least 12-18 months after bariatric surgery before becoming pregnant. This is because the rapid weight loss and nutritional deficiencies that can occur in the months following surgery might affect fetal development.

Birth defects, also known as congenital anomalies, are functional or structural abnormalities that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth, or sometimes not until later in infancy. These conditions can result in physical and mental disabilities, and they are a leading cause of infant mortality worldwide.

Hygiastics, or the principles and practice of health maintenance and disease prevention, plays a crucial role during pregnancy. It encompasses various aspects such as nutrition, physical activity, mental wellness, prenatal care, and avoiding harmful substances, aiming to maintain optimal health of the mother and promote healthy fetal development.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common health problem caused by an imbalance of reproductive hormones. This hormonal imbalance creates problems in the ovaries, which can affect a woman's menstrual cycle, fertility, cardiac function, and appearance. PCOS is a common cause of infertility among women of reproductive age.